Bend produced using induction bending technology that applies a bending force to a material that has been locally heated-up. Also the cold bending method can be used. There's no difference in stress analysis of Forged elbow, Induction bend and Welding elbow in ASME and EN codes.
Central bend angle should not exceed 90 degrees (More...).
Start-Prof perform the Wall thickness check for Pipe bend according to selected code. For ASME code:
Property |
Description |
Name |
Element name. If checked then it shown in 3D view |
SIF |
If you push this button, you will see h, SIF, k-factors for the bend |
Radius, R |
Bend average radius (0.5D<R<10D). Long - 1.5DN, short - 1.0DN |
Get properties from matching pipe |
Get properties from matching pipe |
Calculate weight automatically |
If selected, bend weight is calculated automatically as torus sector volume with wall thickness equal to that of adjoining pipes |
Weight |
Bend weight (with flanges) without insulation and product. Set according to standards without taking into account the overload factor. Product and insulation weight with corresponding overload factors are calculated automatically based on adjoining pipes |
Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factor, E |
Longitudinal weld joint efficiency factor, E. More... |
Manufacturing technology |
For ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, DL/T 5366-2014 seamless pipe will always use Wl=1.0. For electric-welded pipe Wl will be specified from database. More... When using GOST 32388-2013, pipe physical properties are taken from different materials databases depending on pipe type (seamless/welded). |
Calculate angle automatically |
The bend angle used in bend's flexibility factor (k-factor) calculation in some codes. The option "сalculate angle automatically" should be turned on by default. It is recommended to turn off this option when the bend was splitted into several parts to model the support on bend. In this case the angle should be specified for full bend, not for each part of bend |
Angle |
|
Material |
Material from materials database |
Nominal wall thickness, S |
Nominal (actual) wall thickness |
Mill tolerance, С1 |
Mill tolerance at the time of production.
More... |
Corrosion and wear allowance, С2 |
Corrosion and wear allowance (working mill tolerance) for wall thickness. More... |
Do not check internal bend wall thickness |
According to RD
10-249-98 section
3.3.2.8 "for extruded
elbows manufactured in a closed press, or
for bends manufactured on machinery with high-frequency currents and axial preload, c12 к
sR1 allowance
must be from 0.05s
to 0.1s. c12 к sR3
allowance is 0, and internal
bend analysis is not performed. |
Ovalization factor a, % |
Initial ovalization factor. More... |
Refresh SIF and k using FEA |
|
SIF |
To insert a bend, select the desired node and use the menu option: Insert > Insert Bend > Induction Bend
To view properties of an existing element:
Double-click the element in the 3D view
Select the element and press the toolbar icon