Learn about START-PROF pipe stress analysis software
Model turbines and verify nozzle loads per NEMA SM 23, API 611, API 612, and ISO 10437 standards. Each turbine object connects to 2-4 nodes. Allowable load checks apply to individual nozzles and the complete turbine assembly. Results display in the Nozzle and Equipment Loads Table. See also Nozzle Load Reduction Methods in START-PROF
Two modeling approaches for turbine elements:
1. Connect turbine nozzles to pipe end nodes. Nozzles automatically model as fixed anchors with thermal expansion modeled as anchor movements.
2. Connect turbine nozzles to intermediate nodes. Model the turbine structure using rigid elements, cylindrical shells, and other components. Thermal expansion models through element temperature changes.
Property |
Description |
Name |
Element identifier. When checked, displays in 3D view |
Auto calculation of nozzle temperature movements |
Calculate nozzle movements as DX*α*(T-Ta), DY*α*(T-Ta), DZ*α*(T-Ta), where α is thermal expansion coefficient from material properties, T is equipment temperature, Ta is ambient temperature, DX, DY, DZ are distances from turbine center. Uncheck for manual movement specification |
Material |
Material from materials database |
Manufacturing technology |
For ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, and DL/T 5366-2014, seamless pipe uses Wl=1.0. Electric-welded pipe Wl values come from material database. More... For GOST 32388-2013, pipe properties vary by manufacturing type (seamless/welded) per materials database. |
Temperature |
Turbine operating temperature. More... Property
varies by operating mode.
Click |
Factor for Allowable Loads |
Default: 1.0. Range: 0.5-20.0. Adjust per manufacturer specifications. Multiplies allowable loads De and Dc |
Fshaft Direction |
Shaft X-axis orientation per standard diagrams:
|
Turbine Center Point Offsets |
Reference node and offsets to turbine center (point 3 in diagrams above) |
Remove restraints for hanger selection |
Releases specified restraints during spring hanger selection weight analysis. Restraints remain active during main analysis. Options:
|
Suction Nozzle Discharge Nozzle Additional Nozzle 1 Additional Nozzle 2 |
Node connection for each nozzle. For disconnected piping, select "Set Custom Loads" to specify loads manually |
Per API 617, individual nozzle loads must not exceed:
Total turbine load summation must not exceed:
To insert a turbine, select the nodes and use: Insert > Equipment > Turbine NEMA SM 23/API 611/API 612
to view values across all modes