X-axis is directed along the local (longitudinal) Z-axis of the base element.

Y-axis is directed along the normal to the ZX-plane; it is calculated as $e_y = e_z \times e_x$.

Z-axis is directed along the longitudinal nozzle axis.

X-axis is directed along a straight line in the head plane passing through the center of the head and the nozzle end, that is from C-point to A-point (fig. 3.50).

Y-axis is directed along the normal to the ZX-plane; it is calculated as $e_y = e_z \times e_x$.

Z-axis is directed along the longitudinal nozzle axis.

If the nozzle is central (offset is not set), then X-axis coincides with the local X-axis of the head.

X-axis is directed along the tangential axis of the central axial curve of the elbow (bend) element.

Y-axis is directed along the normal to the ZX-plane; it is calculated as $e_y = e_z \times e_x$.

Z-axis is directed along the longitudinal nozzle axis.

It coincides with local CS of base element (plate).

For cylindrical and conical shell the nozzle might be radial one (fig. 3.52a), be positioned in the cross-sectional plane (fig. 3.52b), as well as tilted (fig. 3.52c) and offset (fig. 3.52d).

a (radial)	b (tilted in the cross-sectional plane)
c (tilted)	d (offset)
Fig. 3.52. Location and orientation of nozzle on the cylindrical and conical shells

For heads (fig. 3.53) the nozzle can be radial, positioned along the vessel's axis, or may be randomly positioned (tilted).

Fig. 3.53. Location and orientation of nozzle on the heads

Absent in the all calculation schemes.

Inner overpressure (except trunnion).

Outer pressure (except trunnion).

Hydrostatic pressure (except trunnion).

Thermal strains.

Concentrated loads in the juncture or on the nozzle end.

More information in the section: Setting model loads.

Described in the section: Base element setting.

Allowable loads;

Stiffness and flexibility factors;

Stress intensification factors;

Calculation as per WRC 537(107)/297.

Calculation of opening reinforcement as per GOST 34233.3-2017.

Design model of nozzle hole reinforcement corresponds to fig. 3.54.

Also barrel existence can be added.

Trunnions can be calculated with ring pad reinforcement and without it.

For storage tanks available models with tombstone shape reinforcing plates [20].

Type 1: Non-passing without reinforcement (barrel)
Type 2: Passing without reinforcement (barrel)
Type 3: Non-passing with pad (barrel)
Type 4: Passing with pad (barrel)
Type 5: With pad and internal part (barrel)
Type 6: With beading (with welded segment)
Type 7: With weld-in ring (barrel)
Type 8: With weld-in toroidal insertion (barrel)
Type 9: Trunnion without reinforcement (barrel)
Type 10: Trunnion with pad (barrel)
Type 11: Non-passing with Low Type reinforcement	Type 12: Passing with Low Type reinforcement
Fig. 3.54. Design model of nozzle hole reinforcement