Fluid properties calculation using Properties library
Gas properties analysis is performed using the following methodologies:
molecular mass, pseudocritical pressure and temperature, and mixture density are calculated according to Kay’s mixing rule [1];
for petroleum vapor, molecular mass is calculated according to Craig’s equation [2] with an error of no greater than 6%;
density analysis is performed according to the Redlich-Kwong equation of state [1]. The average error for a density analysis is 7 – 8%, and for some gases in the supercritical region, up to 45%;
dynamic viscosity for individual gases is calculated according to the Stiel-Thodos correlation [1] with average analysis accuracy in areas of moderate pressure (up to 5–6 MPa) equaling to 3%. The maximum error does not exceed 10%, and if the pressure is increased to 100 MPa and higher, the error grows and becomes 40-60% for certain gases. For petroleum vapors and oil fractions, viscosity is calculated according to an equation approximating the graphs presented in [4], with an average error of 6% and maximum error of 22% (when pressure is less than 0.6 Pcr);
viscosity of gas mixtures is calculated according to the Herning and Zippeper formula [5] with an error of no greater than 4%, with a correction for pressure according to Stiel-Thodos correlation;
the isobaric heat capacity of individual gases is calculated according to the formulas given in [1, 4, 3] depending on temperature. For petroleum vapors, the isobaric heat capacity analysis is performed according to the Bahlke and Kay formula [9].
the thermal conductivity coefficient analysis for individual gases is performed according to the methodology given in [1]. For hydrogen gas, the analysis is performed according to formulas given in [5], and for gas mixtures, according to Wassiljewa’s equation [1]. The thermal conductivity of the vapor phase of oil fractions and petroleum vapors is calculated according to an equation derived through approximation of graphs given in [4].
Liquid properties analysis is performed using the following methodologies:
the density of pure liquids is calculated according to the B.C.-Y. Lu charts using their approximation by Clark [6] with an average error of 3%. The density of pure liquid mixtures is calculated based on pseudocritical mixture properties considering the volumetric percentages of the component. The density of certain petroleum mixtures or their mixtures with other liquids is calculated based on the density of the components and their percentage in the mixture according to the additivity rule. Mazut density is calculated using formula described in [12];
the viscosity of liquids is calculated according to the Thomas and Souders equation [5]. The viscosity of homogenous mixtures is assessed according to an empirical equation given in [7], with an average error of 8%. The viscosity of individual pure liquids under high pressure (greater than 4 MPa) is calculated according to the Andrade equation [5]. The viscosity of oil and petroleum under atmospheric pressure is calculated according to Walther formula (the values of the constants are provided in the database); the pressure correction considering viscosity is calculated according to Maptsone’s formula [8];
the heat capacity of liquids is calculated according to the Sterling and Brown method [1], of petroleum and its fractions, according to V.N. Popov’s formula [10], and for water, according to [11];
the thermal conductivity of liquids is calculated according to the Riedel-Rihalkar-Martin equation [1];
bubble point pressure is calculated according to the Thek-Stiel equation [1], and pressure for petroleum and petroleum products is calculated according to the analysis methodology for narrow-boiling oil fractions.
References
1. Reed R., Prausnitz J., Sherwood T. The properties of gases and liquids. L., Chemistry, 1982, 591 p.
2. I.F. Golubev, N.E. Gnezdilov, Viscosity of Gas Mixtures (in Russian), Nauka, Moscow. 1971, 237 pp.2.
3. V.A. Ryabin, M.A. Ostroumov, and T.F. Svit, Thermodynamic Properties of Substances: A Handbook (in Russian), "Khimia", Moscow, 1977. 390 pp.
4. Methods of Gases and Liquids Thermophysical Properties Calculation "Khimia", 1974, 248 pp.
5. S. Bretsznajder. Prediction of Transport and Other Physical Properties of Fluids. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1971, 408 pp.
6. Clark J. Physical Property Library for Digital Computers, Paper No 61-40, NPRA Computer Conference, Tulsa, Dec., 5-6, 1961.
7. Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition. R.H. Perry, D.W. Green (Editors), McGraw-Hill , 2007. 2400 pp.
8. Gurevich I.L. Oil and Gas Processing Technology. Part 1. General Properties and Methods of Oil and Gas Preliminary Processing. 3rd Edition. Moscow, "Khimia", 1972. 360 pp.
9. E. N. Sudakov (editor), Calculations of Basic Processes and Equipment in Petroleum. Refining (Handbook) (in Russian), "Khimia", Moscow, 1979.. 568 pp.
10. Popov V.N., Cederberg N.V. Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Fuels. Teploeneryetika, N11, 1958. (in Russian)
11. Vukalovich, M. P.,. Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam, Mashgis, Moscow, 6th ed., 1958 (in Russian).
12. Z. I. Geller, Mazut as Fuel (in Russian), Nedra, Moscow, 1965.
The list of substances and environments available in the "Properties" library is given below:
Nitrogen*
Propadiene-1,2 (Allene)
Ammonia
Aniline
Argon*
Ethanal (Acetaldehyde)
Ethyne (Acetylene)*
Propanone-2 (Acetone)
Benzene
1,3-Butadiene (Divinil)
Butane
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)
2-Ethyl-1-Butene-1
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene
2-Methyl-1-butene
3-Methyl-1-butene
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene
Butene-1
Vinilacetylene*
Vynil Chloride
Water, steam
Hydrogen*
Hydrogen Cholide HCl
Hydrogen cyanide*
Hydrogen Fluoride HF*
Air*
Hexadecane
Hexene-1
Hexane
Heptadecane
Heptane
Helium*
Sulphur Dioxide*
Carbon Dioxide
Decane
2-Butyne (Dimethylacetylene)*
Dimethyl Ether
Dichloromethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Diethanolamin
Diethylamine
1,3-Diethylbenzene
Diethyleneglycol
Diethyl ketone
Dodecane
Isobuthane (2-Methylpropane)
2-Methylpropene (Isobutene)
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
Isopentane (2-Methylbuthane)
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (Isoprene)
2-Methylphenol (O-Cresol)
1,2-Dimethylbenzene (O-Xylene)
1,4-Dimethylbenzene (P-Xylene)
1,3-Dimethylbenzene (M-Xylene)
Oxygen*
Methane
Methylamine*
Methanethiol (Methyl mercaptan)
Propyne (Methylacetylene)*
Methyl Acetate
4-Methyl-Cis-Pentene-2
Methylethyl Ether
Butanoic Acid
Naphthalene
Nonane
Nonadecane
Octadecane
Octane
Nitrogen Oxide
Carbon Monoxide*
Ethylene Oxide*
Pentene-1
Pentadecane
Pentane
Cis-Pentene-2
Pyridine
Propane
Propene
Propanoic Acid
Sulphur Trioxide*
Hydrogen Sulphide
Carbonyl Sulfide
Alcohols:
Pentanol-1 (Amyl Alcohol)
Butanol-2
Butanol-1 (Butyl Alcohol)
Hexanol-1 (Hexyl Alcohol)
Heptanol-1 (Heptyl Alcohol)
Decanol-1
Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
Nonanol-1
Octanol-1
Propanol-2 (Isopropyl Alcohol)
Propanol-1 (Propyl Alcohol)
Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
Styrene (Ethenylbenzene)
Tetradecane
Tetrafluorethane*
Methylbenzene (Toluene)
Trans-Butene-2
Tridecane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Triethylamine
Ethanoic Acid
Undecane
Phenol
Phosgene*
Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12)
Monochlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22)
Chloromethane (Freon 40)
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Trichloromethane (Chloroform)
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclopentane
Cyclopropane
Cis-Butene-2
Tetrachloromethane
Eicosane
Ethane
2-Aminoethanol (Ethanolamin)
1-Butyne (Ethylacetylene)*
Ethene
Ethyleneglycol
Ethylbenzene
1-Methyl-2-Ethylbenzene (Ethyl Toluene)
Neon
________________________________________ * - only gas phase can be calculated
Oil (with water):
Samotlor
Romashkin
West Siberia
Oil fractions (for Samotlor oil):
28-62
62-85
85-105
105-140
140-180
180-240
240-350
300-400
350-500
400-450
Petroleum products:
Gasoline (fr. up to 180)
Kerosine (140-240)
Jet fuel (140-240)
Jet fuel (140-280)
Lubriceting oil MS-20
Lubriceting oil PMS-200A
Mazut M40
Mazut M80
Mazut M100